India is a land of migrants. This nation has faced many wars and invasion from Aryans to East India Company. All these influences have shaped the very nature and culture of the nation. Indians have always assimilated the foreign culture, but these influences were not always pleasing as we discussing. Every war brings victory, bloodshed and punishment, so do these invasions. When foreign powers placed their foot on the land of Indus river local population always resisted but lost at the end. Every defeat pushed the resisting people to other
difficult terrains of land. These brave people took shelter in the forest and became forest dweller.
In the modern India, these groups are known as "Tribes", "Inhabitants of Forest Land", or the most significant "Original inhabitants of the nation". The very interesting fact about these tribes are that they all are located in the mineral rich ares of India. It is the human do injustice not nature. Nature has gifted them most valuable minerals. But this gift is not very comfortable. Nation is in deep poverty, 25% of population do not have the basic amenities. Therefore nation needs to generate the economic resources to enhance it's capacity to contain the need of most deprived.
The need of resources with held buy tribes is the main cause of conflict and tussle. Tribes will have to be develop. It was said by Jawahar Lal Nehru in the book of Verrier Elwin. Modern state do not have much to offer, because tribes are like littler republics they can survive without external support. This is very contentious situation. Government have to persuade them for extraction of much needed minerals.
Narmada Bachao Andolan, Vedanta Controversy are the case studies which highlight the conundrum. Government need to walk extra mile with tribal. They will have to use prototype models for persuasion. Government need to show them how rehabilitation is going to take place for them and their children. For instance, Dam over Narmada River pushed so many people out of their land and deprived them for their livelihoods. Government promised them for rehabilitation but failed to deliver. Even the fishing rights have been restored after litigation.
Government have instituted many mechanism :
1. Reservation in Education and Jobs : Granting exception under Article 16 ( Equal opportunity in Public employment) and providing reservation in educational institution.
2. Constitutional Protection : Article 30 and 31, gives freedom to tribe for establishment of their educational institution (Art 31) and protection of rights of minorities(Art 30).
3. Tribal Sub Plan : Earmarked plan allocation for tribal development.
4. Tribal Advisory Body : Formulated by government, comprised of bureaucrats, representatives of tribe and experts.
5. ITDP (Integrated tribal development project ) : for development of tribal areas and providing modern amenities.
6. ITDA (Intergrated Tribal Development Agency) : For formulating developmental plans for tribal areas.
7. TRIFED : Tribal co-operative for marking the produce from tribes and forest. It main objective is to provide market for tribal goods.
Above all mechanism and institution are up-to the need but in letter not in spirit. These institution need proper funding, support of State gov and Union Gov, mechanism for transparency in work and equal development of tribes throughout the nation (North Eastern tribes are more developed and empowered compared to other tribe in the nation).
Government also need to identify the ways to utilize the traditional knowledge withheld by tribes. Tribes can help in finding new medicinal plants for Ayuerveda, can contribute in forestry to preserve environment. They could become best guards of forest and can tell us the way how to use them sustainably.
difficult terrains of land. These brave people took shelter in the forest and became forest dweller.
In the modern India, these groups are known as "Tribes", "Inhabitants of Forest Land", or the most significant "Original inhabitants of the nation". The very interesting fact about these tribes are that they all are located in the mineral rich ares of India. It is the human do injustice not nature. Nature has gifted them most valuable minerals. But this gift is not very comfortable. Nation is in deep poverty, 25% of population do not have the basic amenities. Therefore nation needs to generate the economic resources to enhance it's capacity to contain the need of most deprived.
The need of resources with held buy tribes is the main cause of conflict and tussle. Tribes will have to be develop. It was said by Jawahar Lal Nehru in the book of Verrier Elwin. Modern state do not have much to offer, because tribes are like littler republics they can survive without external support. This is very contentious situation. Government have to persuade them for extraction of much needed minerals.
Narmada Bachao Andolan, Vedanta Controversy are the case studies which highlight the conundrum. Government need to walk extra mile with tribal. They will have to use prototype models for persuasion. Government need to show them how rehabilitation is going to take place for them and their children. For instance, Dam over Narmada River pushed so many people out of their land and deprived them for their livelihoods. Government promised them for rehabilitation but failed to deliver. Even the fishing rights have been restored after litigation.
Government have instituted many mechanism :
1. Reservation in Education and Jobs : Granting exception under Article 16 ( Equal opportunity in Public employment) and providing reservation in educational institution.
2. Constitutional Protection : Article 30 and 31, gives freedom to tribe for establishment of their educational institution (Art 31) and protection of rights of minorities(Art 30).
3. Tribal Sub Plan : Earmarked plan allocation for tribal development.
4. Tribal Advisory Body : Formulated by government, comprised of bureaucrats, representatives of tribe and experts.
5. ITDP (Integrated tribal development project ) : for development of tribal areas and providing modern amenities.
6. ITDA (Intergrated Tribal Development Agency) : For formulating developmental plans for tribal areas.
7. TRIFED : Tribal co-operative for marking the produce from tribes and forest. It main objective is to provide market for tribal goods.
Above all mechanism and institution are up-to the need but in letter not in spirit. These institution need proper funding, support of State gov and Union Gov, mechanism for transparency in work and equal development of tribes throughout the nation (North Eastern tribes are more developed and empowered compared to other tribe in the nation).
Government also need to identify the ways to utilize the traditional knowledge withheld by tribes. Tribes can help in finding new medicinal plants for Ayuerveda, can contribute in forestry to preserve environment. They could become best guards of forest and can tell us the way how to use them sustainably.
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